In 1919, Italian dictator Benito Mussolini — otherwise known as “Il Duce” — founded the Fascist Party. In his early years, Mussolini was a fervent socialist (via BBC). However, his support of Italy’s entry into World War I led him to eventually cut ties with socialism. Capitalizing on both the public’s and his own dissatisfaction with Italy following the end of the First World War, Mussolini organized a paramilitary group called the “Black Shirts,” (via Biography).

The Black Shirts terrorized political opponents and spread fascism throughout the country. With Italy falling into chaos, King Victor Emmanuel gave permission for Mussolini to form his own government. That he did, and in 1925, he declared himself dictator and began to eradicate all democratic institutions. In 1939, Italy and Nazi Germany signed the “Pact of Steel,” officially creating the Axis Powers (via History). By 1940, Italy had joined World War II. Moreover, Mussolini implemented anti-Jewish laws in Italy. Eventually, he was voted out of power and imprisoned in 1943.

As this was the mid-20th century, color photography was not as common, and most photos of “Il Duce” were in black and white. Here’s what the Italian dictator would have looked like in color.

Benito Mussolini in color

Wikipedia