While fatal lightning strikes are a relatively rare phenomenon, modern safety precautions nevertheless include staying indoors during thunderstorms and placing lightning rods on tall structures. Unfortunately for the people of Brescia in 18th century Italy, traditional measures to stave off lighting were anything but sound. According to Standing Well Back, contemporary wisdom informed people that ringing church bells was the best way to divert lightning. As reported by The Irish Times, the rationale was that the “evil spirits” causing the weather would be repelled by this — a train of thought that led to the deaths of hundreds of bell-ringers.

Still, Brescia stuck with this strategy almost two decades after Benjamin Franklin invented the lightning rod, viewing the invention as “heretical”, per The Times. And in 1769, the town’s church — and the gunpowder magazine within it — was struck. The ensuing explosion launched debris all over the town and left around 3,000 people dead. This event shattered European notions of thunderstorm safety and led many to solicit experts on the matter, Franklin among them. He was even brought on to advise the design of lightning rods in London but was dismissed in favor of a flawed British type.