White settlers had long coveted the lands of the indigenous tribes, many with highly valuable farms in well-developed prime agricultural areas (via Britannica), as the European white population expanded into the southeastern U.S. Jackson’s Indian Removal Act of 1830 eventually freed up some 25 million acres after moving thousands of people from five indigenous nations into what was called “Indian Territory,” in what is now the State of Oklahoma. The Native American farms were often ready for immediate occupancy and profit with cleared and plowed fields, fenced pastures and barns and houses (via Britannica). Not only were these lands of the southeastern tribes ideal for white settlement, they would give rise to another highly profitable venture, the rise of the south’s largest crop, cotton, and the institution of slavery.

While the heart-wrenching tragedy of the forced relocations is without doubt a story of cruelty, suffering and intolerance, a dark stain on American history, it is also an example of incredible perseverance and survival that lives on today in the ancestors who somehow forged a future out of the terrible Trail of Tears.